La fièvre de Lassa est une maladie virale aiguë appartenant à la catégorie des fièvres hémorragiques virales, semblable à Ebola. Principalement trouvée en Afrique de l'Ouest, elle est causée par le virus de Lassa qui se transmet aux humains à travers le contact avec les rongeurs infectés. Si beaucoup d'infections restent asymptomatiques, la maladie peut être grave et potentiellement mortelle.   

Sleeping sickness, also known as African trypanosomiasis, is caused by the parasitic flagellate Trypanosoma brucei, which is injected into the body by the tsetse fly. The disease occurs only in the 36 sub-Saharan African countries exposed to the tsetse fly. Following efforts to combat the disease, the number of cases has fallen since the 90s. Currently, although 70 million people live in high-risk areas, there are only less than a thousand new cases per year. However, the relaxation of surveillance could be accompanied by a rise in the number of cases, as observed in Guinea following the Ebola outbreak in 2013. 

Whooping cough, long thought of as a childhood illness, can be severe at any age. This bacterial infection is particularly dangerous, and sometimes even fatal, for unvaccinated or partially vaccinated infants and at-risk individuals such as pregnant women and elderly people.

Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver caused by toxic substances or – in the majority of cases – by viruses. To date, five viruses have been identified that target the liver and cause inflammatory infection. These viruses are referred to by the letters A, B, C, D and E, and vary according to their transmission mode (fecal-oral for A and E, parenteral for B and C) and their aggressive profile.

Sanfilippo syndrome is a rare and intractable neurological disorder of genetic origin. First manifestations in children are delayed cognitive development and behavioral disturbances, which further progressively evolve towards severe psychomotor retardation and polyhandicap. The disease is responsible for premature death in early adulthood.